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The idea that the past was an era with long periods of little or no change is almost certainly false. Change has always affected human society. Some of the catalysts for change were exogenous and lay in natural transformations, such as climate change or plant and animal diseases. Others came from endogamous processes, such as demographic change and the resulting alterations in demographic pressure. They might be produced by economic changes in the agrarian economy such as crop- or stock-breeding or better agricultural husbandry systems with the resultant greater harvests. Equally, they might be from technological developments in industry and manufacturing affecting traditional forms of production. We should also note changes in ideology within society and even between principal groups, such as secular and ecclesiastical bodies. We need to consider the impact of politics and warfare. These innovations, transmissions and transformations had profound spatial, economic and social impacts on the environments, landscapes and habitats evident at micro-, meso- and macro-levels. Changes, alterations and modifications may affect how land was worked, how it was organized, and the nature of buildings and rural complexes (homesteads, work buildings, villages, monasteries, towns and landscapes). The authors of the 36 papers focus in particular on transmissions and transformations in a longue durée perspective, such as from early medieval times (c. 500AD) to the High Middle Ages (c. 1000/1200 AD), and from medieval to post-medieval and early modern times (1700). The case studies include the shrinking and disappearance of settlements; changes in rule and authority; developments in the agrarian economy; the shift from handwork to manufacturing; demographic change. Contents: Preface Niall Brady, Claudia Theune Introduction Niall Brady, Claudia Theune Mountain communities in the Catalan Pyrenees: 25 years of archaeological research Walter Alegría-Tejedor, Marta Sancho-Planas, Maria Soler-Sala Endogenous and exogenous characteristics of settlement development of an early medieval settlement at Sursee (Canton of Lucerne, Switzerland) Christian auf der Maur Not so dark centuries: changes and continuities in the Catalan landscape (6th-12th centuries) Jordi Bolòs Rural settlement in later medieval Ireland through the lens of deserted settlements Niall Brady Rural settlement and economy in Campania (South Italy) between Late Antiquity and Middle Ages Nicola Busino Deciphering transformations of rural settlement and land-use patterns in central Adriatic Italy between the 6th and the 12th centuries AD Francesca Carboni, Frank Vermeulen Change and continuity in rural early medieval Hispania. Comparative multidisciplinary approach to the countrysides of Egitania (Idanha-A-Velha, Portugal) and Emerita (Mérida, Spain) Tomás Cordero Ruiz Beyond the Borders: transformations, acculturation and adaptation between Latium and Campania during the Lombard Period (6th - 8th c.) Cristina Corsi Silent witness: the deserted medieval borough of Newtown Jerpoint, Co Kilkenny, Ireland Ian Doyle, Tadhg O'Keeffe Kopaniec in the Izera Mountains. An example of unusual transformation of a village after the Thirty Years' War period in Silesia Pawel Duma, Jerzy Piekalski, Anna Luczak Counting heads. Post-Roman population decline in the Rhine-Meuse delta (the Netherlands) and the need for more evidence-based reconstructions Bert Groenewoudt, Rowin J. van Lanen Land-organisational changes in rural Denmark from AD 200-1200 Jesper Hansen Settlement abandonment in Dartmoor (England): Retreat of margins reass
